VAT Tax Calculator UK
Calculate VAT, add VAT or remove VAT from any amount instantly.
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How to Calculate VAT
UK VAT calculations depend on whether a price already includes VAT. The method you use changes depending on what you know.
- Adding VAT means calculating the tax on a net price before VAT and adding it on to reach the total.
- Removing VAT means working out the original net price and the tax amount from within a VAT-inclusive total.
- VAT rates depend on the goods or services being supplied — most supplies use 20%, but some qualify for 5% or 0%.
A £100 price before VAT becomes £120 after adding 20% VAT. If £120 already includes 20% VAT, the original price is £100 and the VAT included is £20 — equal to one-sixth of the total.
Frequently Asked Questions About VAT
How to work out how much VAT is included in a price?
Divide the VAT-inclusive price by 6 to find the VAT amount when the rate is 20%. For example, £120 divided by 6 gives £20 VAT. For other rates, calculate the net price by dividing the total by 1 plus the VAT rate expressed as a decimal, then subtract the net price from the total.
How do you work out a price excluding VAT?
Divide the VAT-inclusive price by 1.2 when the VAT rate is 20%. For example, £120 including VAT becomes £100 excluding VAT. For other rates, divide by 1 plus the applicable VAT rate expressed as a decimal.
What is the formula for calculating VAT?
To add VAT, multiply the net price by the VAT rate to find the tax, then add it to the net price. To remove VAT, divide the gross price by 1 plus the VAT rate expressed as a decimal to find the net price.
How is 20% VAT calculated?
Multiply the price excluding VAT by 0.20 to calculate the VAT. For example, 20% VAT on £100 is £20, making the total £120.
What is the formula to calculate 20% VAT backwards?
Divide the total price by 1.2 to find the price excluding VAT. Subtract that amount from the original total to find the VAT included.
How do I work out 20% of something on a calculator?
Multiply the amount by 0.20, or multiply it by 20 and divide by 100. For example, 20% of £50 is £10. If you are extracting VAT from a price that already includes 20% VAT, divide the total by 6 instead.
Is VAT based on turnover or profit?
VAT is generally based on taxable sales, not profit. Eligible businesses account for VAT charged on sales and may reclaim VAT on qualifying business purchases, subject to the rules.
How much turnover before paying VAT?
The UK VAT registration threshold is £90,000 in taxable turnover over a rolling 12-month period. You may also need to register if you expect to exceed the threshold in the next 30 days alone. Special rules and voluntary registration can also apply — check official HMRC guidance for the current figures.
Does turnover mean net or gross?
Turnover generally means the income from business sales before deducting costs. For VAT registration, taxable turnover is generally measured excluding VAT, where applicable, and includes relevant taxable supplies under HMRC rules.
Is turnover calculated including or excluding tax?
For the UK VAT registration threshold, taxable turnover is generally calculated excluding VAT charged on sales. Other accounting and tax calculations may use different definitions, so check the rules relevant to the calculation.
Is VAT charged on net or gross?
VAT is calculated on the net price before VAT. The gross price is the net price plus VAT. If a displayed price already includes VAT, the VAT portion must be extracted from that total.
Do I have to charge VAT as a sole trader?
Not automatically. Sole traders generally need to register for VAT when their taxable turnover exceeds the applicable threshold or when another registration rule applies. Voluntary registration may also be possible.
How does VAT work for dummies?
VAT is a tax charged on many goods and services. VAT-registered businesses usually charge VAT on taxable sales and can often reclaim VAT on eligible purchases. The final cost to a customer depends on the applicable VAT rate and whether VAT is already included in the price.
How much is VAT in Britain?
The standard UK VAT rate is 20%. Some goods and services qualify for the reduced rate of 5% or the zero rate, while certain supplies are exempt or outside the scope of VAT.
Which country has the highest VAT rate in the world?
Hungary is widely known for having the world's highest standard VAT rate at 27%. International tax rates can change, and comparisons depend on how each country classifies its consumption taxes.
How much is VAT on 500 pounds?
At the standard 20% rate, VAT on £500 before VAT is £100, making the total £600. If £500 already includes VAT, the VAT portion is £83.33 and the net amount is £416.67.
What will be the UK VAT rate in 2026?
The UK standard VAT rate is 20%. The reduced rate is 5% and the zero rate is 0% for qualifying supplies. Check current HMRC guidance for any changes and for the rules that apply to specific goods and services.
Why is UK VAT so expensive?
VAT is a consumption tax used to raise money for public spending. Whether it feels expensive depends on the goods or services purchased, the applicable rate, and the amount of tax included in the final price.
Is the UK the most heavily taxed country in the world?
No single answer applies to every measure of taxation. Countries can be compared by total tax revenue as a share of GDP, personal tax rates, or consumption taxes, and their rankings differ depending on the measure and year.
Can you refuse to pay VAT?
If VAT is legally due on a taxable purchase, you generally cannot avoid it simply by refusing to pay. However, not every supply is subject to VAT, and some transactions qualify for different VAT treatment. Businesses should follow HMRC rules.
How to calculate VAT from total amount?
If the total includes 20% VAT, divide it by 6 to calculate the VAT portion. Divide the total by 1.2 to find the net amount. For other rates, enter the amount and select Remove VAT in the calculator above.
How much is VAT on R500?
If R500 means 500 South African rand, the VAT amount depends on South Africa's applicable VAT rate and whether R500 is before or after VAT. This calculator is designed for UK VAT and uses British pounds, so users should select the correct currency and tax rules for South African transactions.
How to calculate VAT from full price?
For a full price that already includes 20% VAT, divide the price by 6 to find the VAT amount. Divide it by 1.2 to find the price excluding VAT.
Why do you divide by 1.2 for VAT?
You divide by 1.2 to remove 20% VAT from a VAT-inclusive price because the total represents 100% of the original price plus 20% VAT, making the divisor 1.20. Dividing by 1.2 recovers the original price before VAT.